论文标题

挥发性CO从原始磁盘阶段迅速发展到原球盘阶段

Rapid Evolution of Volatile CO from the Protostellar Disk Stage to the Protoplanetary Disk Stage

论文作者

Zhang, Ke, Schwarz, Kamber R., Bergin, Edwin A.

论文摘要

最近的观察结果表明,与规范的星际介质中的10 $^{ - 4} $相比,在许多1-10 Myr旧的Protoplanetary磁盘中,CO气体丰度相对于H $ _2 $,可能会大量耗尽10-100倍。这种耗竭的何时以及如何发生会显着影响巨型行星的行星和大气的组成。因此,重要的是要约束如果耗竭已经发生在最早的原恒星磁盘阶段。在这里,我们提出了C $^{18} $ O,C $^{17} $ O的空间解决观测值,以及$^{13} $ C $^{18} $ o $ o $ J $ = 2-1行,三个原始磁盘中的线条。我们表明,c $^{18} $ o线从磁盘和内膜发出,而c $^{17} $ o和$^{13} $ c $^{18} $ o线与磁盘来源一致。线比表明c $^{18} $ o和c $^{17} $ o线在磁盘区域中是光学厚的,并且只有$^{13} $ c $^{18} $ o线是光学的。 $^{13} $ c $^{18} $ o排放的线概况最好是由Keplerian气体磁盘的尺寸与MM-Continuum发射相似的大小相似的尺寸,这表明这些磁盘中的气体和MM尺寸晶粒之间的径向分离很小,与这些磁盘中的MM大小差异相反,与普通的蛋白质分离相反。假设气体与盘比为100,我们发现这些原始磁盘中的CO气体丰度与ISM的丰度在2倍以内一致,几乎比1-10个MYR旧磁盘的平均值高一个数量级。这些结果表明,有一个快速的,$ \ sim $ 1 MYR,是从原始磁盘阶段到原行星磁盘阶段的丰富气体的演变。

Recent observations show that the CO gas abundance, relative to H$_2$, in many 1-10 Myr old protoplanetary disks may be heavily depleted, by a factor of 10-100 compared to the canonical interstellar medium value of 10$^{-4}$. When and how this depletion happens can significantly affect compositions of planetesimals and atmospheres of giant planets. It is therefore important to constrain if the depletion occurs already at the earliest protostellar disk stage. Here we present spatially resolved observations of C$^{18}$O, C$^{17}$O, and $^{13}$C$^{18}$O $J$=2-1 lines in three protostellar disks. We show that the C$^{18}$O line emits from both the disk and the inner envelope, while C$^{17}$O and $^{13}$C$^{18}$O lines are consistent with a disk origin. The line ratios indicate that both C$^{18}$O and C$^{17}$O lines are optically thick in the disk region, and only $^{13}$C$^{18}$O line is optically thin. The line profiles of the $^{13}$C$^{18}$O emissions are best reproduced by Keplerian gaseous disks at similar sizes as their mm-continuum emissions, suggesting small radial separations between the gas and mm-sized grains in these disks, in contrast to the large separation commonly seen in protoplanetary disks. Assuming a gas-to-dust ratio of 100, we find that the CO gas abundances in these protostellar disks are consistent with the ISM abundance within a factor of 2, nearly one order of magnitude higher than the average value of 1-10 Myr old disks. These results suggest that there is a fast, $\sim$1 Myr, evolution of the abundance of CO gas from the protostellar disk stage to the protoplanetary disk stage.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源