论文标题

有效志愿众包的在线政策

Online Policies for Efficient Volunteer Crowdsourcing

论文作者

Manshadi, Vahideh, Rodilitz, Scott

论文摘要

食品恢复组织等非营利组织众包平台依靠志愿者来执行时间敏感的任务。为了鼓励志愿者完成一项任务,平台使用nud缩的机制通知一部分志愿者,希望其中至少一个人能做出积极的反应。但是,由于过度的通知可能会减少志愿者的参与度,因此该平台在通知更多志愿者目前的任务并为将来的任务保存方面面临折衷。在这些应用程序的激励下,我们介绍了在线志愿者通知问题,在线随机双分化匹配的概括,在该任务上,任务到达任务类型的已知时间变化后到达。任务到达后,该平台通知志愿者的子集,目的是最大程度地减少错过任务的数量。为了捕获每个志愿者对过度通知的不利反应,我们假设通知会触发一个随机的不活动时期,在此期间,她将忽略所有通知。但是,如果志愿者处于活动状态并被通知,她将使用给定的成对匹配概率执行任务,以捕捉她对任务的偏爱。我们制定了一项在线随机策略,该政策可实现恒定因素保证,即我们为任何在线政策的绩效建立的上限。我们的政策以及硬度结果通过活动间时间分布的最小离散危害率进行了参数。我们政策的设计依赖于通过解决一系列动态程序来稀疏前可行解决方案。此外,我们与基于志愿者的食品恢复平台美国食品救援公司(Food Rescue)合作,通过对美国各地各地的数据进行测试,证明了政策的有效性

Nonprofit crowdsourcing platforms such as food recovery organizations rely on volunteers to perform time-sensitive tasks. To encourage volunteers to complete a task, platforms use nudging mechanisms to notify a subset of volunteers with the hope that at least one of them responds positively. However, since excessive notifications may reduce volunteer engagement, the platform faces a trade-off between notifying more volunteers for the current task and saving them for future ones. Motivated by these applications, we introduce the online volunteer notification problem, a generalization of online stochastic bipartite matching where tasks arrive following a known time-varying distribution over task types. Upon arrival of a task, the platform notifies a subset of volunteers with the objective of minimizing the number of missed tasks. To capture each volunteer's adverse reaction to excessive notifications, we assume that a notification triggers a random period of inactivity, during which she will ignore all notifications. However, if a volunteer is active and notified, she will perform the task with a given pair-specific match probability that captures her preference for the task. We develop an online randomized policy that achieves a constant-factor guarantee close to the upper bound we establish for the performance of any online policy. Our policy as well as hardness results are parameterized by the minimum discrete hazard rate of the inter-activity time distribution. The design of our policy relies on sparsifying an ex-ante feasible solution by solving a sequence of dynamic programs. Further, in collaboration with Food Rescue U.S., a volunteer-based food recovery platform, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our policy by testing them on the platform's data from various locations across the U.S.

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