论文标题
频率调节具有恒温控制的负载：动力学的聚集和同步
Frequency regulation with thermostatically controlled loads: aggregation of dynamics and synchronization
论文作者
论文摘要
恒温控制负载（TCLS）可以通过协助现有的频率控制机制为电力网络提供辅助服务。但是，TCL的特征是内在的限制周期行为，这会增加与功率网格的频率动力学相结合的风险，即同时切换，诱导持久性和可能的灾难性功率振荡。为了解决这个问题，文献中已经提出了在其控制策略中具有随机响应时间的方案。但是，此类方案在TCLS对频率反馈的响应中引入了延迟，这可能会限制其在紧急情况下提供快速支持的能力。在本文中，我们为TCL提供了一种确定性控制机制，以便在超过规定的频率阈值时进行切换，以便为电力网络提供辅助服务。对于考虑的方案，我们提供了分析条件，以确保避免同步。特别是，我们表明，随着负载的数量趋向于无穷大，存在任意频率偏差任意偏差的任意时间间隔。我们的分析结果通过对东北电力协调委员会（NPCC）140总线系统的模拟进行了验证，该系统表明，与常规实施相比，提议的计划提供了改善的频率响应。
Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can provide ancillary services to the power network by aiding existing frequency control mechanisms. TCLs are, however, characterized by an intrinsic limit cycle behavior which raises the risk that these could synchronize when coupled with the frequency dynamics of the power grid, i.e. simultaneously switch, inducing persistent and possibly catastrophic power oscillations. To address this problem, schemes with a randomized response time in their control policy have been proposed in the literature. However, such schemes introduce delays in the response of TCLs to frequency feedback that may limit their ability to provide fast support at urgencies. In this paper, we present a deterministic control mechanism for TCLs such that those switch when prescribed frequency thresholds are exceeded in order to provide ancillary services to the power network. For the considered scheme, we provide analytic conditions which ensure that synchronization is avoided. In particular, we show that as the number of loads tends to infinity, there exist arbitrarily long time intervals where the frequency deviations are arbitrarily small. Our analytical results are verified with simulations on the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) 140-bus system, which demonstrate that the proposed scheme offers improved frequency response compared to conventional implementations.
