论文标题
行星形成：关键机制和全球模型
Planet formation: key mechanisms and global models
论文作者
论文摘要
行星形成模型建立在基本的物理过程上。为了理解行星的起源，我们必须首先了解其基础的起源。这篇评论有两个部分。第一部分列出了行星形成的六个关键机制的详细描述：1）原星盘的结构和演变2）行星形成的形成3）原生星的增生4）生长行星的轨道迁移5）气体吸收和巨型行星迁移6）在行星迁移期间的恢复。尽管这不是一个全面的列表，但它包括近年来我们的理解发生了变化或仍然存在关键不确定性的过程。 这篇评论的第二部分显示了如何根据星球形成过程构建的全球模型。我们提出了全球模型，以解释已知的行星系统的不同人群，包括近距离/低质量行星（即超级地球），巨型外部球星和太阳系的行星。我们讨论了岩石系外行星上的不同水源，并使用宇宙化学测量来限制地球水的起源。我们指出了不同模型的成功和失败以及它们如何被伪造。 最后，我们为行星形成研究的未来轨迹铺平了道路。
Models of planet formation are built on underlying physical processes. In order to make sense of the origin of the planets we must first understand the origin of their building blocks. This review comes in two parts. The first part presents a detailed description of six key mechanisms of planet formation: 1) The structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks 2) The formation of planetesimals 3) Accretion of protoplanets 4) Orbital migration of growing planets 5) Gas accretion and giant planet migration 6) Resonance trapping during planet migration. While this is not a comprehensive list, it includes processes for which our understanding has changed in recent years or for which key uncertainties remain. The second part of this review shows how global models are built out of planet formation processes. We present global models to explain different populations of known planetary systems, including close-in small/low-mass planets (i.e., super-Earths), giant exoplanets, and the Solar System's planets. We discuss the different sources of water on rocky exoplanets, and use cosmochemical measurements to constrain the origin of Earth's water. We point out the successes and failings of different models and how they may be falsified. Finally, we lay out a path for the future trajectory of planet formation studies.
