论文标题

植被模式模型中种内竞争:降低对干旱的弹性和物种共存的促进性

Intraspecific competition in models for vegetation patterns: decrease in resilience to aridity and facilitation of species coexistence

论文作者

Eigentler, Lukas

论文摘要

图案植被是许多旱地生态系统的特征。尽管生态系统范围范围的植物密度通常很低,但空间自我组织原理会导致出现高生物量和裸露土壤斑块的交替斑块。然而,在植被模式的数学模型中,通常会忽略超特定的竞争动态以外的水竞争。在本章中,我介绍了当地的种内竞争对带状植被模式的建模框架的影响。首先,我表明,在单物种模型的背景下,忽略了局部种内竞争会导致对图案化生态系统对提高干燥性的弹性高估。其次,在多种产品模型的背景下,我认为局部种内竞争是成功捕获代表植被模式的模型解决方案中物种共存的关键要素。对于这两个模型,都提供了详细的分叉分析,以分析模式的发作,存在和稳定性。除了局部内部竞争的优势外,两个物种之间的差异也对分叉结构产生了重大影响,从而为复杂的生态系统动力学提供了重要的见解。本章介绍的对未来生态系统动态的预测,尤其是在模式发作和模式稳定性方面,可以帮助制定保护计划。

Patterned vegetation is a characteristic feature of many dryland ecosystems. While plant densities on the ecosystem-wide scale are typically low, a spatial self-organisation principle leads to the occurrence of alternating patches of high biomass and patches of bare soil. Nevertheless, intraspecific competition dynamics other than competition for water over long spatial scales are commonly ignored in mathematical models for vegetation patterns. In this chapter, I address the impact of local intraspecific competition on a modelling framework for banded vegetation patterns. Firstly, I show that in the context of a single-species model, neglecting local intraspecific competition leads to an overestimation of a patterned ecosystem's resilience to increases in aridity. Secondly, in the context of a multispecies model, I argue that local intraspecific competition is a key element in the successful capture of species coexistence in model solutions representing a vegetation pattern. For both models, a detailed bifurcation analysis is presented to analyse the onset, existence and stability of patterns. Besides the strengths of local intraspecific competition, also the the difference between two species has a significant impact on the bifurcation structure, providing crucial insights into the complex ecosystem dynamics. Predictions on future ecosystem dynamics presented in this chapter, especially on pattern onset and pattern stability, can aid the development of conservation programs.

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