论文标题
伟大的Markarian 421 2010年2月的耀斑:多波长的变异性和相关性研究
The Great Markarian 421 Flare of February 2010: Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies
论文作者
论文摘要
我们在2010年2月,使用Blazar MRK 421的多波长观察结果报告可变性和相关性研究,当时以非常高的Enerergy(vhe)$γ$ -2 $γ$ -rays的veritas veritas oberverator vertoration衡量了高于1〜TEV的$ \ sim $ 27〜螃蟹单位的非凡耀斑。这是MRK 421在VHE $γ$ -rays中观察到的最高通量状态。从包括Vhe $γ$ -Ray(Veritas,Magic),高能量(HE)$γ$ -Ray(Fermi-lat),X射线(Swift},Rxte,Maxi),光学(包括GASP-WEBT的协作数据)和无线电数据和无线电(MetsSähovi,umo.Ovro,Ovro)的多种乐器中分析了数据。光曲线是在VHE耀斑峰值之前和之后产生的,包括多个耀斑“衰落”时期。主要的耀斑统计数据允许在VHE和光条带中构建2分钟的时间座,并实现了互相关分析,该分析显示了$ \ sim $ 25-55分钟的光学滞后的证据,这是这些短时间内这些频段之间首次落后的相关性。多普勒因子($δ\ gtrsim 33 $)和发射区域的限制($δ^{ - 1} r_b \ lyssim 3.8 \ times 10^{13} \,\,\,\ mbox {cm} $)是从veritas在veritas of Main plare中获得的。对衰落时期的10分钟的VHE和X射线数据的分析表明,在通量升华关系中的行为范围非常范围:从线性到二次,再到缺乏相关性到反相关的相关性。综上所述,这些对MRK 421中前所未有的耀斑的详细观察很难通过经典的单区域同步加速器自占领模型来解释。
We report on variability and correlation studies using multiwavelength observations of the blazar Mrk 421 during the month of February, 2010 when an extraordinary flare reaching a level of $\sim$27~Crab Units above 1~TeV was measured in very-high-energy (VHE) $γ$-rays with the VERITAS observatory. This is the highest flux state for Mrk 421 ever observed in VHE $γ$-rays. Data are analyzed from a coordinated campaign across multiple instruments including VHE $γ$-ray (VERITAS, MAGIC), high-energy (HE) $γ$-ray (Fermi-LAT), X-ray (Swift}, RXTE, MAXI), optical (including the GASP-WEBT collaboration and polarization data) and radio (Metsähovi, OVRO, UMRAO). Light curves are produced spanning multiple days before and after the peak of the VHE flare, including over several flare `decline' epochs. The main flare statistics allow 2-minute time bins to be constructed in both the VHE and optical bands enabling a cross-correlation analysis that shows evidence for an optical lag of $\sim$25-55 minutes, the first time-lagged correlation between these bands reported on such short timescales. Limits on the Doppler factor ($δ\gtrsim 33$) and the size of the emission region ($ δ^{-1}R_B \lesssim 3.8\times 10^{13}\,\,\mbox{cm}$) are obtained from the fast variability observed by VERITAS during the main flare. Analysis of 10-minute-binned VHE and X-ray data over the decline epochs shows an extraordinary range of behavior in the flux-flux relationship: from linear to quadratic to lack of correlation to anti-correlation. Taken together, these detailed observations of an unprecedented flare seen in Mrk 421 are difficult to explain by the classic single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model.