论文标题

动态量子游戏

Dynamic Quantum Games

论文作者

Kolokoltsov, Vassili

论文摘要

量子游戏代表了游戏理论的真正21世纪分支,与量子计算和量子技术的现代发展密切相关。到目前为止,这些事态发展的主要重音是在固定或重复的游戏上做出的。在本文中,我们旨在通过实时选择玩家选择的策略来启动真正的动态理论。由于已知直接的连续观测会破坏量子演变(所谓的量子Zeno Paradox),因此量子动态游戏的必要新成分必须是非直接观察的理论和相应的量子滤波。除了实时组织反馈量子控制方面的技术问题外,应用该理论在获得数学上可融化的控制系统方面的困难部分是由于它通常导致相当非平凡的跳跃马尔可夫过程和/或在流动上逐渐扩散,因此相应的控制很难处理。本研究的起点是出色的发现(至少对作者而言,非常出乎意料),存在非常自然的同伴检测,使得通过在这些空间上与标准的布朗尼运动(BM)完全重合过滤的投射空间上的扩散过程。在某些情况下,甚至可以将过程减少到欧几里得空间或Tori上的普通BM。对这种动作的理论进行了充分的研究,使得可以开发出可行的相关控制和游戏理论,这可以同时在量子光学设备上实际实施。

Quantum games represent the really 21st century branch of game theory, tightly linked to the modern development of quantum computing and quantum technologies. The main accent in these developments so far was made on stationary or repeated games. In this paper we aim at initiating the truly dynamic theory with strategies chosen by players in real time. Since direct continuous observations are known to destroy quantum evolutions (so-called quantum Zeno paradox) the necessary new ingredient for quantum dynamic games must be the theory of non-direct observations and the corresponding quantum filtering. Apart from the technical problems in organising feedback quantum control in real time, the difficulty in applying this theory for obtaining mathematically amenable control systems is due partially to the fact that it leads usually to rather nontrivial jump-type Markov processes and/or degenerate diffusions on manifolds, for which the corresponding control is very difficult to handle. The starting point for the present research is the remarkable discovery (quite unexpected, at least to the author) that there exists a very natural class of homodyne detections such that the diffusion processes on projective spaces resulting by filtering under such arrangements coincide exactly with the standard Brownian motions (BM) on these spaces. In some cases one can even reduce the process to the plain BM on Euclidean spaces or tori. The theory of such motions is well studied making it possible to develop a tractable theory of related control and games, which can be at the same time practically implemented on quantum optical devices.

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